JA-37 Viggen: The Fighter That Could Have Shot Down an SR-71 Blackbird | The National Interest

The legendary SR-71 Blackbird, capable of reaching Mach 3.0, set speed records and flew high-risk reconnaissance missions during the Cold War. Despite its speed, the Swedish Saab JA-37 Viggen once managed a missile lock on the Blackbird during an interception over the Baltic Sea, aided by routine SR-71 flight paths and skilled Swedish pilots.

What You Need to Know: The legendary SR-71 Blackbird, capable of reaching Mach 3.0, set speed records and flew high-risk reconnaissance missions during the Cold War. Despite its speed, the Swedish Saab JA-37 Viggen once managed a missile lock on the Blackbird during an interception over the Baltic Sea, aided by routine SR-71 flight paths and skilled Swedish pilots.

-This friendly interaction showcased the Viggen’s advanced avionics and mission planning.

-In 1987, Swedish Viggens also aided an SR-71 that had suffered engine failure, escorting it to safety in West Germany, demonstrating the close cooperation between the Swedish Air Force and the U.S.

The fastest plane to ever fly retired from service decades ago. When the American-made SR-71 Blackbird was introduced during the Cold War, its innovative technologies, electronics, and avionics pushed it to feats never before seen.

Even considering the development of modern fighter jets like the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II, the Mach 3.0-capable Blackbird’s legacy remains unmatched. Only one aircraft ever scored a missile lock on a Blackbird, and that aircraft merits a mention of its own: the Swedish Saab JA-37 jet.

SR-71s during the Cold War were tasked with flying the same repeated pattern over the Baltic Sea, a route referred to as the “Baltic Express.”

The Swedish Air Force at the time was equipped with the Saab J-35F Draken platform. This older airframe was in no way able to keep up with a Blackbird. But its successor, the Saab J-37 Viggen, had more advanced avionics that enabled it to get close to a Blackbird in flight.

Compared to the SR-71’s Mach-3.0 top speed, the Viggen was still relatively slow, topping out at Mach 2.1. Despite this gap in capability, the routine nature of Blackbird flights coupled with superb mission planning and pilot skills resulted in one of the Swedish fighters “locking on” to a Blackbird.

As detailed by former Swedish Air Force JA-37 pilot Per-Olof Eldh, “In total I have five hot intercepts against the SR-71 to my credit. All can be described as successful. I was visual three times; on a couple of occasions the SR-71 was contrailing, which was very useful because you could do a visual check to ensure you ended up in the right spot!”

Once Eldh was able to lock on, he of course did not fire. The two planes merely crossed paths and gained visual contact with one another.

While this incident proved to be the first ever successful interception and “lock” on a Blackbird, it is important to note that the American pilots were not trying to avoid the Viggens, which were friendly airframes. Regardless, the Swedish pilot’s skill and acumen were impressive.

The Viggen-Blackbird combination made headlines again in 1987, when an SR-71 suffered an engine explosion and had to be escorted safely to the ground. The Swedish Air Force immediately directed two of its Viggens to aid the SR-71, which would have been more vulnerable to a Soviet attack while flying at such a low altitude. Ultimately, the Blackbird landed safely in West Germany with help from the Swedish airframes.

Maya Carlin, National Security Writer with The National Interest, is an analyst with the Center for Security Policy and a former Anna Sobol Levy Fellow at IDC Herzliya in Israel. She has by-lines in many publications, including The National Interest, Jerusalem Post, and Times of Israel. You can follow her on Twitter: @MayaCarlin.

All images are Creative Commons or Shutterstock.

November 5, 2024